Did this "extra insurance" (did this plan have a name?) guarantee a certain response time for repair?

Just because the employee couldn't stand your refusal to accept their terms any longer and said "Go somewhere else" when you threatened to, it doesn't mean he broke the company's contract. The CSR was simply saying "If you don't like the rules here, go somewhere else." That doesn't break the contract.

If you are so tight with money, you could have read a few books and newspapers until DirecTV was able to get your service repaired. Now you have to scrape up the remainder of your contract.