"Cigna," he replied, "Can you not afford better coverage than Cigna? They're notorious."

You realize your doctor was way out of line making this statement. So maybe he felt he wouldn't be able to charge you an exorbitant fee because Cigna wouldn't pay it while other insurance companies would. I don't know if your insurance policy is through your employer or it is a private party but each policy pays differently. He really had no way of knowing what they would pay ahead of time. And what they pay is based upon what fee codes he uses.

Also, insurance companies can't cancel your surgery only you or the doctor can. Apparently your doctor didn't think enough of you as a patient to try and work something out. I hope your operation wasn't life-saving.If it were me, I would be looking for a new doctor.